I know this is a dated post but feel this is valuable to add. You can purchase adrafinil without prescription in NA which is a precursor for modafinil after it's been processed by your liver. Same effects, but with the metabolizing there is a loss ratio and longer time for effect to begin. I have a cupboard full of various nootropics also such as aniracetam, oxiracetam adrafinil, noopept etc to play with from time to time.